Vietnam Wood Pellet Price
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Wood pellets fuel is a limitless and environment friendly fuel source. It is a clean-burning and cost stable home heating alternatives. To burn wood pellet is a good way to divert millions of tons of waste from landfills and timber industry and turn it into energy.
Advantages For Wood Pellets
1. environment-friendlyWood Pellet Wood Pellet
2.density increased, convenience transportWood Pellet Price Wood Pellet Price
3.high efficiency and energy saving, good quality
4.inflammable materialPellet Wood Pellet Wood
5.renewable resources
I
Whydoyouchoose us?
1.Establishedcompanywithrichexperience
2.Recognizedbycustomers
3.Competitivepricewithhighqualitymachines.
4.Faithfulemployees
5.Reliabledelivery
6.Bestservice
Company Advantages
1. Specialized manufactures for whole set of charcoal briquette machine and the machine made charcoal briquette
2.Our product received good feedback from all the new and old customer by reliable quality, reasonable structure, stable performance, high output, energy conservation, environmental protection, simple operation, easy installation and maintenance.
If you are new for this business, we will help you:
Many thanks for your trust; we can provide you with design scheme for complete production lines, spot inspection and operator training according to your demands and the conditions of applied spot, we can help you choose the right equipments.ProductionPellet truck being filled at a plant in Germany.
Pellets are produced by compressing the wood material which has first passed through ahammer millto provide a uniform dough-like mass.[13]This mass is fed to a press, where it is squeezed through a die having holes of the size required (normally 6mm diameter, sometimes 8mm or larger). The high pressure of thepresscauses the temperature of the wood to increase greatly, and theligninplasticizes slightly, forming a natural "glue" that holds the pellet together as it cools.[7]
Pellets can be made from grass and other non-woody forms of biomass that do not contain lignin:distiller's dried grains(a brewing industry byproduct) can be added to provide the necessary durability.[14]A 2005 news story from Cornell University News suggested that grass pellet production was more advanced in Europe than North America. It suggested the benefits of grass as a feedstock included its short growing time (70 days), and ease of cultivation and processing. The story quoted Jerry Cherney, an agriculture professor at the school, stating that grasses produce 96% of the heat of wood and that "any mixture of grasses can be used, cut in mid- to late summer, left in the field to leach out minerals, then baled and pelleted. Drying of the hay is not required for pelleting, making the cost of processing less than with wood pelleting."[15]In 2012, the Department of Agriculture of Nova Scotia announced as a demonstration project conversion of an oil-fired boiler to grass pellets at a research facility.[16]
Rice-husk fuel-pellets are made by compacting rice-husk obtained as by-product of rice-growing from the fields. It also has similar characteristics to the wood-pellets and more environment-friendly, as the raw material is a waste-product. The energy content is about 4-4.2 kcal/kg and moisture content is typically less than 10%. The size of pellets is generally kept to be about 6mm diameter and 25mm length in the form of a cylinder; though larger cylinder or briquette forms are not uncommon. It is much cheaper than similar energy-pellets and can be compacted/manufactured from the husk at the farm itself, using cheap machinery. They generally are more environment-friendly as compared to wood-pellets.[17]In the regions of the world where wheat is the predominant food-crop, wheat husk can also be compacted to produce energy-pellets, with characteristics similar to rice-husk pellets.
A report byCORRIM(Consortium On Research on Renewable Industrial Material) for the Life-Cycle Inventory of Wood Pellet Manufacturing and Utilization estimates the energy required to dry, pelletize and transport pellets is less than 11% of the energy content of the pellets if using pre-dried industrial wood waste. If the pellets are made directly from forest material, it takes up to 18% of the energy to dry the wood and additional 8% for transportation and manufacturing energy. An environmental impact assessment of exported wood pellets, by the Department of Chemical and Mineral Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy and the Clean Energy Research Centre, at the University of British Columbia, published in 2009, concluded that the energy consumed to ship Canadian wood pellets fromVancouvertoStockholm(15,500km via the Panama Canal), is about 14% of the total energy content of the wood pellets.[18][19]Pellet standards
Pellets conforming to the norms commonly used in Europe (DIN 51731 or Ö-Norm M-7135) have less than 10% water content, are uniform in density (higher than 1 ton per cubic meter, thus it sinks in water)(bulk density about 0.6-0.7 ton per cubic meter), have good structural strength, and low dust and ash content.[6]Because the wood fibres are broken down by the hammer mill, there is virtually no difference in the finished pellets between different wood types.[]Pellets can be made from nearly any wood variety, provided the pellet press is equipped with good instrumentation, the differences in feed material can be compensated for in the press regulation.[]. In Europe, the main production areas are located in south Scandinavia, Finland, Central Europe, Austria and the Baltic countries.[20][21]
Pellets conforming to the European standards norms which contain recycled wood or outside contaminants are considered Class B pellets.[6]Recycled materials such as particle board, treated or painted wood,melamine resin-coated panels and the like are particularly unsuitable for use in pellets, since they may produce noxious emissions and uncontrolled variations in the burning characteristics of the pellets.[]
Standards used in theUnited Statesare different, developed by thePellet Fuels Instituteand, as in Europe, are not mandatory.[]Still, many manufacturers comply, as warranties of US-manufactured or imported combustion equipment may not cover damage by pellets non-conformant with regulations.[]Prices for US pellets surged during the fossil fuel price inflation of 2007–2008, but later dropped markedly and are generally lower on a per-BTU basis than most fossil fuels, excludingcoal.
Regulatory agencies in Europe and North America are in the process of tightening the emissions standards for all forms of wood heat, including wood pellets and pellet stoves. These standards will become mandatory, with independently certified testing to ensure compliance.[22][23]In the United States, the new rules initiated in 2009 have completed the EPA regulatory review process,[24]with final new Standards of Performance for New Residential Wood Heaters rules due in the Spring of 2015.[25][26]The American Lumber Standard Committee will be the independent certification agency for the new pellet standards.[27]Pellet stove operationMain article:Pellet stove
There are three general types of pellet heating appliances, free standing pellet stoves, pellet stove inserts and pellet boilers."look like traditional wood stoves but operate more like a modern furnace. [Fuel, wood or other biomass pellets, is stored in a storage bin called a hopper. The hopper can be located on the top of the appliance, the side of it or remotely.] A mechanical auger [automatically feeds] the pellets into a burn pot, where they are incinerated at such a high temperature that they create no vent-clogging creosote and very little ash or emissions… “Heat-exchange tubes”: Send air heated by fire into room… “Convection fan”: Circulates air through heat-exchange tubes and into room… The biggest difference between a pellet stove and … a woodstove, is that, inside, the pellet stove is a high-tech device with a circuit board, a thermostat, and fans—all of which work together to [regulate temperature and] heat your space efficiently.”[28]
Ais a stove that is inserted into an existing masonry or prefabricated woodfireplace. SeeFireplace insert
are standalone central heating and hot water systems designed to replace traditional fossil fuel systems in residential, commercial and institutional applications. Automatic orinclude silos for bulk storage of pellets, a fuel delivery system that moves the fuel from the silo to the hopper, a logic controller to regulate temperature across multiple heating zones and an automated ash removal system for long-term automated operations.[29]
allow a person to heat their home using pellets in existing stoves or fireplaces.[30]Energy output and efficiencyWood-pellet heater
Theenergycontent of wood pellets is approximately 4.7 – 5.2MWh/tonne[31][32](~7450 BTU/lb).
High-efficiency wood pelletstovesandboilershave been developed in recent years, typically offering combustion efficiencies of over 85%.[33]The newest generation of wood pellet boilers can work in condensing mode and therefore achieve 12% higher efficiency values.[34]Wood pellet boilers have limited control over the rate and presence of combustion compared to liquid or gaseous-fired systems; however, for this reason they are better suited forhydronicheating systems due to the hydronic system's greater ability to store heat.[]Pellet burners capable of being retrofitted to oil-burning boilers are also available.[8]Air pollution emissions
Emissions such asNOx,SOxandvolatile organic compoundsfrom pellet burning equipment are in general very low in comparison to other forms of combustion heating.[35]An additional consideration, though, is such air pollutant emissions caused in producing the energy used to manufacture pellets. A recognized problem is the emission of fineparticulate matterto the air, especially in urban areas that have a high concentration ofpellet heatingsystems or coal or oil heating systems in close proximity. ThisPM2.5emissions of older pellet stoves and boilers can be problematic in close quarters, especially in comparison tonatural gas(or renewablebiogas), though on large installationselectrostatic precipitators,cyclonic separators, orbaghouse particle filterscan control particulates when properly maintained and operated.[36]Global warming
There is uncertainty to what degree making heat or electricity by burning wood pellets contributes to global climate change, as well as how the impact on climate compares to the impact of using competing sources of heat.[7][37][38][39]Factors in the uncertainty include the wood source, carbon dioxide emissions from production and transport as well as from final combustion, and what time scale is appropriate for the consideration.[7][37][40]
A report[7]by theManomet Center for Conservation Sciences, "Biomass Sustainability and Carbon Policy Study" issued in June 2010 for the Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources, concludes that burning biomass such as wood pellets or wood chips releases a large amount of CO2 into the air, creating a "carbon debt" that is not retired for 20–25 years and after which there is a net benefit.[7]In June 2011 the department was preparing to file its final regulation, expecting to significantly tighten controls on the use of biomass for energy, including wood pellets.[41]Biomass energy proponents have disputed the Manomet report's conclusions,[42][43]and scientists have pointed out oversights in the report, suggesting that climate impacts are worse than reported.[37][44]
Until ca. 2008 it was commonly assumed, even in scientific papers, that biomass energy (including from wood pellets) is carbon neutral, largely because regrowth of vegetation was believed to recapture and store the carbon that is emitted to the air.[45]Then, scientific papers studying the climate implications of biomass began to appear which refuted the simplistic assumption of its carbon neutrality.[40][46]According to the Biomass Energy Resource Center, the assumption of carbon neutrality "has shifted to a recognition that the carbon implications of biomass depend on how the fuel is harvested, from what forest types, what kinds of forest management are applied, and how biomass is used over time and across the landscape.”[36]
In 2011 twelve prominent U.S. environmental organizations adopted policy setting a high bar for government incentives of biomass energy, including wood pellets. It states in part that, "[b]iomass sources and facilities qualifying for (government) incentives must result in lower life-cycle, cumulative and net GHG and ocean acidifying emissions, within 20 years and also over the longer term, than the energy sources they replace or compete with."
