Rabbit TNF-alpha Elisa Kit

Rabbit TNF-alpha ELISA KitInformation Assay Type:Solid Phase Sandwich ELISASensitivity:16 pg/mlDetection Range:31-2000 pg/mlAssay Length:2.5hSample Type:Serum; Plasma; Cell culture supernatant.Synonyms:TNF; DIF; TNF-alpha; TNFA; TNFSF2; Tumour necrosis factor; Tumour necrosis factor alpha; TNF a; Tumor necrosis factor; TNLG1FBackground
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), also known as cachectin and TNFSF2, is the prototypic ligand of the TNF superfamily. It is a pleiotropic molecule that plays a central role in inflammation, apoptosis, and immune system development. TNF-a is produced by a wide variety of immune and epithelial cell types. Human TNF-a consists of a 35 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 177 aa extracellular domain (ECD). Within the ECD, human TNF-a shares 97% aa sequence identity with rhesus and 71% - 92% with bovine, canine, cotton rat, equine, feline, mouse, porcine, and rat TNF-a. The 26 kDa type 2 transmembrane protein is assembled intracellularly to form a noncovalently linked homotrimer. Ligation of this complex induces reverse signaling that promotes lymphocyte costimulation but diminishes monocyte responsiveness.
Cleavage of membrane bound TNF-a by TACE/ADAM17 releases a 55 kDa soluble trimeric form of TNF-a. TNF-a trimers bind the ubiquitous TNF RI and the hematopoietic cell-restricted TNF RII, both of which are also expressed as homotrimers. TNF-a regulates lymphoid tissue development through control of apoptosis. It also promotes inflammatory responses by inducing the activation of vascular endothelial cells and macrophages. TNF-a is a key cytokine in the development of several inflammatory disorders. It contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes through its effects on insulin resistance and fatty acid metabolism.